Automobiles are a major part of our daily lives. They provide transportation, allow us to go shopping and take our children to school. They are powerful, fast, and have many advanced systems to make them safer for occupants. They are a complex collection of mechanical, chemical, electrical, and hydraulic systems. The modern automobile is an objective improvement over its predecessors in almost every way: Its engines are more efficient, they handle better, keep occupants safer, and it is even more eco-friendly. The automotive industry is a major economic driver, supporting industries such as steel, oil, rubber, and plastics.
Karl Benz, a German engineer, invented the automobile around 1885. Other inventors and engineers improved on his design. Henry Ford was an important innovator because he used an assembly line to mass produce cars, making them affordable for middle-class families. This changed the way people live, work, and play. Cars allow for quick, long-distance travel, and they allow people to run errands, go on vacation, and meet friends.
A modern automobile consists of thousands of individual parts, arranged into several semi-independent systems with specific design functions. For example, the engine—the heart of an automobile—is like a human circulatory system, pumping coolant and lubricating oil through tubes to all its working parts. Other systems in an automobile reduce noise and pollution, and control the speed of the vehicle.
An automobile’s chassis and body are similar to the skeleton of the human body, providing support for the various components and systems. The tires, which contact the road surface and are the only part of an automobile in direct contact with it, must be able to carry the weight of the car and respond quickly to conditions on the road. The steering and braking systems must be able to provide control and safety for the driver and passengers.
The design of an automobile is a balance of many factors, such as power, fuel economy, handling, and comfort. Choosing the best model for your needs requires careful thought and comparison. For example, a small car may be fun to drive on a racetrack but not so well suited for navigating narrow city streets. A luxury sedan such as the 2024 Mercedes E 63 S AMG, with its 550 horsepower and impressive torque, is an exceptional car for both highway and city driving. Similarly, the family-friendly Kia Niro is an excellent choice for those who want the benefits of a hybrid with the space and utility of a midsize sedan. There are many other models to choose from, so be sure to do your research before deciding.